Journal: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Article Title: The physicochemical fingerprint of Necator americanus
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005971
Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Time-lapse images of L 3 N . americanus exsheathing on poly-L-lysine coated glass slides (37°C). After an initial puncture, complete exsheathment occurs within 9 seconds (time is shown as minutes: seconds: milliseconds). Based on our observations N . americanus L 3 exsheathment occurs via a five-stage process: (I) Stimulation (00:00:00)–the N . americanus demonstrate heightened activity at 37°C, mimicking an encounter with human skin. (II) Thrashing (00:00:00–00:01:00)—larva move rapidly and violently. This behaviour expands the sheath in all directions to weaken its integrity and provides greater space for manoeuvre. (III) Puncture (00:02:00)—the anterior of the sheath wall is weakened, which can be attributed to the thrashing phase and possibly due to secreted enzymes that have been thought to digest the sheath membrane in its uppermost regions. The larva perforates the anterior sheath tip from which it can emerge. (IV) Exsheathment (00:02:00–00:08:00)—The larva manoeuvres out of the punctured sheath, through its characteristic sinusoidal movement, whilst the sheath remains anchored to the surface. The interface of the L 3 cuticle and sheath is indicated optically by a refractile ring. (V) Escape (00:09:00)–The nematode has completely exsheathed and is free to move independently of the sheath. For full movie see and for multiple exsheathments in a single field of view see and . (bi) Optical and (bii & biii) environmental scanning electron microscopy images for partially exsheathed N . americanus . Scale Bar (a) = 100 μm, (bi) = 100 μm (bi) 100 μm, (bii) = 50 μm (biii) = 10 μm.
Article Snippet: Methanol (HPLC grade), acetone (HPLC grade) and microscopy glass slides (76 x 26 x 1.0–1.2 mm), were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom).
Techniques: Activity Assay, Membrane, Electron Microscopy